There are dedicated brokers developed to handle large-scale astronomical survey data from ZTF and LSST e.g., such as AMPEL , Fink , ANTARES , ALeRCE , Lasair , MARS b, and Pitt-Google Broker c that report detections and classifications via TNS. The Transient Name Server (TNS) is the official International Astronomical Union mechanism for reporting new SN candidates and naming spectroscopically confirmed ones. Machine-generated alerts about new detections intended to trigger rapid follow-up campaigns. The Gamma-ray Coordinates Network (GCN, now ’General Coordinates Network’) distributes human-written reports (named Circulars) about follow-up observations of GRBs. Infrastructure of open data-services based on the VOEvent standardized message-format for distributing transient alerts, such as a VOEvent broker and a DB that stores historical transient alerts. Based on the Science Tools provided by the Fermi Science Support Center and the Fermi-LAT collaboration. The implementation of this stream is currently in the testing phase.Īstronomer’s Telegrams (ATels) are human-written, web-based notifications to report astronomical observations of transient sources.īroker for automatized ingestion, annotation, selection, and redistribution of transient alerts that provides real-time transient classification using deep learning and adaptive learning techniques.įLaapLUC (Fermi-LAT automatic aperture photometry Light C↔Urve) detects relative flux variations in Fermi-LAT data of sources and alerts users via emails. AMPEL combines the functionality of an alert broker with a generic framework to host user-contributed analysis scripts. ServiceĪMON (Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network) is a system searching through streams of sub-threshold events from multi-messenger facilities for correlations of spatial and temporal coincidences.Īlert management, photometry, and evaluation of light curves (AMPEL) system. Astro-COLIBRI listens to VOEvent alerts via various brokers and parses notifications from FlaapLUC alert emails and notices from GCN, as well as from newly confirmed SNe from various alert brokers distributed via TNS. Overview of various alert creators, brokers, and streams. In Section 5, we describe future features and connections to other tools, as well as integration into observatories. We discuss use cases of Astro-COLIBRI in Section 4 using the example of several transient events, where Astro-COLIBRI was used by the community of real-time, multi-messenger astronomy. We then continue describing the new features since the public Astro-COLIBRI release in August 2021 in Section 3. We start in Section 2 with a discussion of the role of Astro-COLIBRI (Coincidence Library for Real-time Inquiry) as a user-centric platform in the current ecosystem of real-time multi-messenger astronomy that listens to the aforementioned alert streams. There are several channels for the distribution of notifications of astrophysical transients using different platforms, including GCN (Gamma-ray Coordinates Network now ’General Coordinates Network’) notices and circulars, the transient name server (TNS), and the Astronomer’s Telegram (ATel). The use of automatic Fermi RoboBA after 2016 resulted in constant median latency of GBM alerts. This is illustrated in Figure 1, which shows the median latencies 1 of all alerts per quarter since 2014 for the final GRB VOEvents 2 of INTEGRAL (International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory), Fermi GBM (Gamma-ray Burst Monitor), Swift-BAT (Burst Alert Telescope), and XRT (X-ray Telescope). Interventions may introduce additional latency from humans caused by issues in automated processes. Note that an observatory may distribute multiple alerts for an event at varying stages in the processing, ranging from preliminary event information within the first few seconds to several minutes, hours, or even days for final analysis results. In the case of the detection of a temporal excess in the real-time analysis that meets telescope-, event-type-, and messenger-specific criteria, alerts are distributed, and further offline analyses are triggered. They continuously monitor the entire sky for transient behavior across the whole spectrum of detectable messengers. The ensemble of large field-of-view satellites and ground-based observatories around the world constitute the fundamental pillar for multi-messenger astronomy.
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